Pulverizer



Nov. 20, 1928. 1,691,951

` T. c. ALFRED PULVERIZER Filed Deo. 12, 1925 @Hoz H111 Patented Nov.'210, 19128..

PATENT oFFICE.

THEODOBE G. ALFRED, OF LANCASTER, OHIO.

PULVEBIZER.

Application filed December 12, 1925.` Serial No. 75,125.

This invention relates to improvements in pulverizers or rock Crushersand is especially directed to pulverizers of the type consisting of ahousing including a reducing chamber,

the saidbhamber being adapted to receive a reducer structure consistingof a plurality of swinging hammers arranged for rotation within thechamber and adapted to deliver rapid powerful blows to the material fedinto the chamber so lthat the latter may be reduced in a method devoidof structural complications.

Another object of the invention resides in the specific design of theindividual swinging hammers of the rotatable reducer structure, whereineach of said hammers has the outerl vided with a multiplicity ofstriated blow delivering, rock engaging surfaces, which are so formed asto present a multiplicity of rock splitting and grinding surfaces tothematerial engaged and at the same time to enable the hammers to bepositioned in very close engagement with the screened outlet of thehousing so as to enable the pulverizer to reduce the rock to a veryfinely disintegrated condition. n

A. further object of the invention rests in constructing a pulverizer soas to produce a singularly staunch and durable machine capabie ofwithstanding the severe usage to which it is placed without breakage ordamage to its operating parts, and wherein the various revolving partsof the machine are carefully balanced and distributed so as to avoidexcessive vibration when the machine is in active operation.

With these and other objects in view, as will appear as the descriptionproceeds, the invention consistslin the novel features oi construction,combinations of elements and. 'arrangements of parts hereinafter to Ybefuiy and opposite longitudinal edges thereof pro,`

i upper end 8, constituting an entrance per described and pointed youtin the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawing:

Figure lis a vertical sectional view taken through a rock pulverizerconstructed in accordance with the present invention,

Figure 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken on the planesindicated by the line 2-2 of Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional View on the line 3 3 of Figure 1,

Figure 4 is-a similar view on the line 4,-4 of Figure l, i

Figure of the swinging hammers utilized in the reducer structure of thepulverizer.

Figure 6 is a plan view of the screen assembly,

Figure 7 is a detail vertical sectional view showinga slightly modifiedform of the invention wherein the screen bars are set tan'- gentially tothe axial center of the hammer structure.

Referring ings the numeral 1 designates my improve pu verizer comprisingthe present invention in its entirety. This pulverizer comprisesgenerally a housing comprising spaced, parallel vertically disposed sideplates 2, preferably of heavy cast metal. The bottom edges of theseplates terminate in smooth horizontal surfaces 3, so as to provide abase permitting of the support of the housing upon any desiredsupporting structure which may or may not be portable. The inner`surface of the plates 2 are provided with registering recesses 4, whichare adapted to receive the ends of a multiplicity of transverselyextending chill sections 5, which act to space the side plates 2 and aresecurelyv retained in the recess 4 by the provision of transverselyextending binding rods 6. tain of the ends of these rods are providedwith nuts which when tightened serve to draw the plates 2 together andfrictionally engage the same with the ends of the sections 5, so thatsaid plates in conjunction with the sections 5 may be rigidly united topresent a composite, unitary structure.

The sections 5 are disposed in euch relation to the side plates 2 as toproduce an internal reducing chamber 7, having an open material to bemitt'ing of the feeding of If vdesired the ground into said chamber, r

5 is a detail perspective view of one i lmore particularly to thedraw-Cermit

subjected to the disintegrating actio'ii. of the' rotating reducerstructure 11.

This structure, in its present embodiment, consists of a shaft 12,extending transversely through the housing and supported for rotation inbearings 13, provided in connections with bearing sections 14 secured tothe outer surfaces of the side plate 2. One

end of the shaft 12 is extended beyond its adjacent bearing to receive apulley 15 by which power may be imparted from any suitable source, tothe shaft. The opposite end of the shaft is equipped, beyond itsadjacent bearing, with a fly or balancewheel 16. The bearing sections 14are of suflicient diameter to cover openingslv 17 provided in the sideplates 2, and arranged for rotation within these openings and keyed tothe shaft 12 are the end plates 18 of the reducer structure. Theseplates carry fixed transversely extending rods 19, upon which arerockably' mounted a plurality of swinging hammers 20. Each of thesehammers, as disclosed in Figure 5, comprise an enlarged head portion 21,which terminates in inwardly disosed ears 22, thatY are apertured as at23 or the reception of the rods 19. By reference to Figure 2 of thedrawings it will be noted that the length of each of the hammers 2Ocorres onds substantially to the width of the cham er 7, and that theend plates 18 are arranged in the openings 17, so'that said end plateswill not interfere with the free swinging action of the hammers. By thisconstruction the hammers may swing about their individual pivotsprovided by the rods 19, so as to either projectFbeyod or lie within theouter diameter of the plates 18. In other words the hammers arepermitted to have an independent swinging movement with respect to thebodily rotation of the reducer structure as a whole. An importantfeature of the present invention' consists in providing the head portion21 of each hammer along the opposite outer longitudinal edges thereofwith a plurality of striated striking surfaces 24, and it is thesesurfaces that receive the major impact and wear which results from theoperation of the pulverizer. By providing the surfaces 24 the hammerseach present a multiplicity of cutting or splitting edges to thematerial under process of'disintegration, so` as tol facilitate saidprocess and to produce more iinely divided or disintegrated material. Itis important in the design of pulverizers of this type in securing mostciiicient results, to form the hammers as large as practicable so thatthey will have adequate weight and strength to accomplish the work forwhich they are employed. An inspection of Figure 1 will disclose thatthe bounding wall of the chamber 7 is of curved arcuate formation,whereas the outer surfaces of the hammers 20 are substantially flat. Dueto this dissimilarity in design, if the head portions 21 were notprovided with the striking surfaces 24, the said hammers would eitherengage the outer Wall of the chamber at itspoint of nearest approach, orthe hammers would have to be set in closer to the shaft 12 so as toprovide adequatel clearance. This is the commonlpractice and results incausing the hammers to be spaced so far from the wall ofthe chamber asto produce coarsely pulverized material, whereas inI the present design,the stepped formation of the head 21 of each hammer enables the latterto be set out closely to the bounding wall of the chamber to producefinely pulverized material and at the same time a construction ispresent wherein each of the hammers is of adequate weight to withstandits intended service. If desired. the end plates 18 may be provided withreserve openings 25 for the reception of the rods 19, which latteropenings are set out from the diameter of the reducer structure aslightly greater distance than the openings which initially receive therods 19. This is done in order to compensate for wear on the headportions of the hammers. Also, the hammers themselves are reversible topresent new cutting edges after the initial set of edgeshave beenl wornto a predetermined extent.

In the design of the hammers it is preferable to provide the same withpockets 26 in which may be placed lead or the like 27. This is done inorder to obtain a true balance of the rotatable reducer structure.Ordinarily the hammers are formed from manganese steel and it has beenfound in practice that the hammers vary appreciably in weight.Therefore, before the same are completely assembled each hammerV isweighed individually and enough additional material is added to thepockets 26 so as to bring each of the hammers up to exactly a theulverizer when in operation runs veryv smoothly, in a manner totallydevold of unnecessary wear and vibration. This feature the inventionrests in the specific construc- 12o Arequired weight. By employing thismethod 50 y i ends of the recesses provided therefor in the i tion ofthe screened outlet 28 4of the pulverizer. This outlet is arranged'belowthe `reducer structure and in its ypreferred einbodiment consistsI of aplurality of parallel, spaced transversely extending steel bars 29,which have their ends arranged in the recess 4 provided in the innerwalls of-\ the side plates 2. These bai-s are each separably positionedwithin said recess and are spaced transverselyby the employment-ofspacers 30, which may be of any suitable gauge so as to control thewidth of the spaces exist-u ing between said bars. The inner edges ofsaid bars are arranged in a circle having an axis eccentric to that ofthe shaft 12 in order, as shown in Figure 1, that a graduallydiminishing grinding space will be provided between the outer paths ofrotation of the hammers 20 and the inner surfaces of the bars 29.

To remove the bars from or place the same within the housing, the latteris provided with a laterally disposed clean-out opening 31 which isadapted to receive removably a door 32. The inward movement of this dooris limited by shoulders 33 provided on the side plates 2, and the doormay be retained in engagement 'with said shoulders vthrough theinstrumentality of strips 34, bolted or otherwise secured as at 35 to-the side plates. Obviously, ywhen the strips 34 are removed the doormaybe moved horizontally and outwardl so as to provide access to theinterior o the housing. The inner surface of the door may be corru atedas at- 36 for cooperation with the re ucer structure, these corrugationsbeing complemental to the corrugations 10.

Embedded in recesses 37 provided in the side plates is a pair oftransversely extending bolts 38 which act to receive in a slidablemanner the outer lug extensions 39 provided on a wedge member 40, the.said bolts 38 being provided with nuts 41, which when tightened engagethe wedge member so as to force the latter inwardly so as to bring theinclined longitudinal edge 42 thereof into engagement with the upper ofthe bars 29. It will bel observed that the upper or outer-most ofthebars 29 is positioned in the side plates 2 and can not be moved toany higher distances or positions. Therefore, as the wedge member entersthe strips, as shown in Figure 1, sure, the said bars will be securelyclamped in tight compressed relationship so as to provide for properspacing between the bars and subsequent discharge of the pulverizedmaterial from the bottom outlet 43 of the pulverizer. The wedge member4G is supported within a casing 44 carried lby the side plates, and thetop of the casing is readily removable to vafford access to the nuts 41,so that the bars may be tightened while the and advanced by pres--machine is in operation. When the door 32 is removed, and the wedgemember 40 loosened, it will be seen that there is suilicient' play inthe mounting of the bars 29 to permit the operator to withdraw the samefrom the housing by way of the cleanout opening 31. 1n this mannerrepairs and replacements of the bars may bev made in a convenient mannerpermitting of the withdrawal of the housing through sait clean-out oening. 1t will be observed, however, that the door 32 itselt` does notexercise any clamping or holding action on the bars frgm `.theindividual base of the screen.

In view ofthe foregoing description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawing it will be seen that the present invention providesa pulverizer particularly adapted for the grinding of lime stone whichmay.

be useful in an agricultural sense for both fertilizing andfor-curing-land that is sour. The machine has been designed with the endin view of providing a pulverizer of large capacity, staunch and durableconstruction and one particularly where repairs and adjustments may bemade when required with facility and convenience. description refers toa s ecific form of the present invention it wil be appreciated, however,that the invention is not limited to the precise details of constructionabove set forth, except as hereinafter defined in the following claims.i

For example, the screen in Figure 7 may be set tangentially with respectto the center of the shaft 12, so that s arp edges will be presented tothe rotating hammers, instead o the smooth lat surface presented, as isthe case in the preferred form of the invention.

What is claimed isi u V1. In a pulverizer, a housing including apulverizmg chamber, a reducing rotor mounted for rotation about a lixedaxis disposed within said for said chamber consisting of a'plurality ofspaced transversely extending parallel bars having the ends thereofpositioned within recesses provided in the side walls of said housing,

bars 29, as shown a screen for controlling the release of material fromsaid chamber through said outlet, said screen consisting of a pluralityof inchamber, an outlet screen While the above Y 'dividually separabletransversely extending` bars, having the ends thereof movably`positionedWithin arcuate recesses provided in the inner walls'of said housing, theends of said bars being engaged by spacing means to maintain the sidesof the bars in predetermined spaced relationship, a Wedge member havingan inclined surface arranged to be forced between certain of said barsso as to force said bars toward the ends of said rel cesses and maintainthe same in compressed rigidly clamped relationship, adjusting meanspermitting of the advance or retraction of said Wedge into and out ofengagement .with said bars, said housing being provided With a clean-outopening above said bars providing access to said chamber and throughwhich opening said barslmay be removed from or inserted intosaidchamber,

and a closure for said opening mounted in connection with said housingso as to be independent of said bar mounting and adjustment.

3. In a pulverizer, a housing including a rotor chamber provided With amaterial entrance andoutlet, a reducing rotor mounted in said chamberfor rotation about a fixed longitudinal axis, a screen arranged oversaid outlet and beneath said rotor, consisting of a plurality of spacedparallel bars arranged to extend transversely across said outlet, meansfor supporting said bars at the ends thereof, and an expansion devicecooperative with said bars to retain the latter against movement intheir operative positions.

In testimon whereof I aiiix my signature,

HEODORE C. ALFRED.

